Q1. With reference to the planet Earth, consider the following statements: [2025]
I. Rain forests produce more oxygen than that produced by oceans.
II. Marine phytoplankton and photosynthetic bacteria produce about 50% of world’s oxygen.
III. Well-oxygenated surface water contains several folds higher oxygen than that in atmospheric air.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) I and II
b) II only
c) I and III
d) None of the above statements is correct
Q2. Regarding Peacock tarantula (Gooty tarantula), consider the following statements: [2025]
I. It is an omnivorous crustacean.
II. Its natural habitat in India is only limited to some forest areas.
III. In its natural habitat, it is an arboreal species.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) I only
b) I and III
c) II only
d) II and III
Q3. Consider the following pairs: [2025]
Plant – Description
I. Cassava : Woody shrub
II. Ginger : Herb with pseudostem
III. Malabar spinach : Herbaceous climber
IV. Mint : Annual shrub
V. Papaya : Woody shrub
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
a) Only two
b) Only three
c) Only four
d) All the five
Q4. Consider the following fruits: [2025]
I. Papaya
II. Pineapple
III. Guava
How many of the above were introduced in India by the Portuguese in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
a) Only one
b) Only two
c) All the three
d) None
Q5. Consider the following: [2025]
I. Cigarette butts
II. Eyeglass lenses
III. Car tyres
How many of them contain plastic?
a) Only one
b) Only two
c) All the three
d) None
Q6. Consider the following statements: [2025]
Statement I: Activated carbon is a good and an attractive tool to remove pollutants from effluent streams and to remediate contaminants from various industries.
Statement II: Activated carbon exhibits a large surface area and a strong potential for adsorbing heavy metals.
Statement III: Activated carbon can be easily synthesized from environmental wastes with high carbon content.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
a) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
b) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I
c) Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I
d) Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct
Q7. Artificial way of causing rainfall to reduce air pollution makes use of [2025/A-85]
a) silver iodide and potassium iodide
b) silver nitrate and potassium iodide
c) silver iodide and potassium nitrate
d) silver nitrate and potassium chloride
Q8. Consider the following statements: [2025]
Statement I: Circular economy reduces the emissions of greenhouse gases.
Statement II: Circular economy reduces the use of raw materials as inputs.
Statement III: Circular economy reduces wastage in the production process.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
a) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
b) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I
c) Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I
d) Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct
9. Consider the following statements: [2025]
Statement I: Studies indicate that carbon dioxide emissions from cement industry account for more than 5% of global carbon emissions.
Statement II: Silica-bearing clay is mixed with limestone while manufacturing cement.
Statement III: Limestone is converted into lime during clinker production for cement manufacturing.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
a) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
b) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I
c) Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I
d) Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct
10. With reference to Direct Air Capture, an emerging technology, which of the following statements is/are correct? [2025]
I. It can be used as a way of carbon sequestration.
II. It can be a valuable approach for plastic production and in food processing.
III. In aviation, it can be a source of carbon for combining with hydrogen to create synthetic low-carbon fuel.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
a) I and II only
b) III only
c) I, II and III
d) None of the above statements is correct
11. Consider the following statements: [2025]
I. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in India are less than 0.5 t CO₂/capita.
II. In terms of CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion, India ranks second in Asia-Pacific region.
III. Electricity and heat producers are the largest sources of CO₂ emissions in India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) I and III only
b) II only
c) II and III only
d) I, II and III
Q12. The World Bank warned that India could become one of the first places where wet-bulb temperatures routinely exceed 35 °C. Which of the following statements best reflect(s) the implication of the above‐said report? [2025]
I. Peninsular India will most likely suffer from flooding, tropical cyclones and droughts.
II. The survival of animals including humans will be affected as shedding of their body heat through perspiration becomes difficult.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
a) I only
b) II only
c) Both I and II
d) Neither I nor II
Q13. Consider the following statements: [2025]
Statement I: At the 28th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28), India refrained from signing the “Declaration on Climate and Health”.
Statement II: The COP28 Declaration on Climate and Health is a binding declaration; and if signed, it becomes mandatory to decarbonize health sector.
Statement III: If India’s health sector is decarbonized, the resilience of its health-care system may be compromised.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
a) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
b) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I
c) Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I
d) Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct
Q14. Consider the following statements: [2025]
Statement I: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change is frequently discussed in global discussions on sustainable development and climate change.
Statement II: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change sets out the principles of carbon markets.
Statement III: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change intends to promote inter-country non-market strategies to reach their climate targets.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
a) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
b) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I
c) Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I
d) Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct
Q15. Which one of the following launched the ‘Nature Solutions Finance Hub for Asia and the Pacific’? [2025]
a)The Asian Development Bank (ADB)
b) The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)
c) The New Development Bank (NDB)
d) The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
Q16. Which organization has enacted the Nature Restoration Law (NRL) to tackle climate change and biodiversity loss? [2025]
a) The European Union
b) The World Bank
c) The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
d) The Food and Agriculture Organization
Q17. Consider the following types of vehicles: [2025]
I. Full battery electric vehicles
II. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
III. Fuel cell electric hybrid vehicles
How many of the above are considered as alternative (powertrain) vehicles?
a) Only one
b) Only two
c) All the three
d) None
Q18. Consider the following statements: [2025]
Statement I: Of the two major ethanol producers in the world, i.e., Brazil and the United States of America, the former produces more ethanol than the latter.
Statement II: Unlike in the United States of America where corn is the principal feedstock for ethanol production, sugarcane is the principal feedstock for ethanol production in Brazil.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I
b) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I
c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is not correct
d) Statement I is not correct but Statement II is correct
Q19. Consider the following statements about ‘PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana’: [2025]
I. It targets installation of one crore solar rooftop panels in the residential sector.
II. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy aims to impart training on installation, operation, maintenance and repairs of solar rooftop systems at grassroot levels.
III. It aims to create more than three lakhs skilled manpower through fresh skilling, and up-skilling, under scheme component of capacity building.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
a) I and II only
b) I and III only
c) II and III only
d) I, II and III