Topics
- • Big Bang Theory and Evidences: Red shift, Blue shift, Solar Flares, Cosmic microwave background
- • Asteroids, comets, meteors, Dwarf Planet.
- • Earth's revolution, rotation & it's axis, Solstices, Equinox, Variation in length of day & night, seasons &
- solar system.
- • Geomagnetism and Geomagnetic reversal,
- • CHON (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen & Nitrogen)
- • Terms in News: Green Comet
- • Geomagnetic Storms
- • Sunspots and ‘splitting dent’
- • Iceland’s earthquakes.
- • Structure/Physiography:
- - Geographical extent of various Physiographic regions
- - Himalayas-Formation, Syntaxial bends, Major Ranges and divisions, Himalayan Passes
- - Indian Islands, Indian Plains
- • Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats
- • Physiographic Mapping
- • Western Ghat Passes
- • Deserts and Islands in India
- • Atmosphere and Atmospheric Circulation:
- - Layers of the atmosphere and Composition, Coriolis force, ITCZ, Horse latitudes, sub-tropical high
- pressure belt, cyclones, North west monsoon (winter rains), Jet streams.
- - Temperature inversion (Ground and Valley Inversion), temperature distribution-over land & sea,
- - Satellites and other space junk polluting the stratosphere.
- • Water in Atmosphere and Oceans:
- - Clouds, Humidity concepts, dew, mist Fog.
- - Freshwater (ice caps, glaciers, etc.) on earth's surface, Ocean mean temperature, Isotherms
- • Climatic Regions: Tropical/temperate/Equatorial forests (rain & deciduous & dry forests), Grasslands (Savannah, steppe, prairie), Ecological succession
- • Climate: Monsoon, El Nino, La Nina, MJO, Temperature zones
- • Ozone hole and Antarctica linkage.
- • Western disturbances and SW Monsoon trough merge in NW India- Himachal Floods
- • Jet streams
- • Water Vapour sent into Stratosphere during Tonga Eruption.
- • Clouds-lower clouds & higher clouds properties
- • water presence in various forms
- • Characteristics of Various forests in relation to national parks
- • Triple dip La Nina,
- • Indian Ocean Dipole
- • Water in Oceans
- - Freshwater (ice caps, glaciers, etc.) on earth's surface, Ocean mean temperature, Isotherms
- • Movement in Oceans
- - Ocean currents-Cold/Warm.
- - Equatorial counter current, convergence of equatorial currents.
- - Upwelling and downwelling zones in ocean.
- - Impacts (fishing grounds, desertification etc.)
- • Types of Coral reefs
- • Factors influencing the movement of ocean currents
- • Surface currents and Deep water currents.
- • Thermohaline Circulations (IPCC report Findings)
- • Tides
- • Oceanic Land forms
- • Ocean Acidification and Coral Bleaching
- • Volcano Characteristics
- • Plate tectonics
- • Pacific Ring of Fire
- • Earthquake Measurements
- • P waves and S waves and their Propagation
- • Volcanic Landforms (Intrusive/Extrusive)
- • Types of Rocks (Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic)
- • Types of Interaction and the associated Landforms
- • Himalayan & Peninsular Rivers: Types, pattern and paths; Godavari, Brahmaputra
- • Lakes: Fresh water and Salt Water and Its Importance
- • Climate: Temperature zones; Monsoon-El Nino, La Nina, MJO
- • Types of Natural Vegetation: Tropical, evergreen, deciduous, moist/wet
- • Soils: Salinization, Various Soils in India-Laterite, Alluvial, black, Terrace farming
- • Rivers & Lakes:
- - Krishna, Ganga, Kaveri, Mahanadi & Major National Parks on these rivers
- - Himalayan Lakes, newly added Ramsar Wetlands
- • Climate: Triple dip La Nina, Indian Ocean Dipole
- • Natural vegetation: Himalayan Vegetation, Tropical, Arid and the Biogeographic Linkage
- • Soil
- - Processes in Soil: Podsolization, Laterization, chernozem.
- - Soil Characteristics